Suchergebnisse

"Die zunehmende weltweite Vernetzung und der Aufbau von digitalen Bibliotheken führt zu neuen Möglichkeiten bei der Suche in mehreren Datenbeständen. Dabei entsteht das Problem der semantischen Heterogenität, da z.B. Begriffe in verschiedenen Kontexten verschiedene Bedeutung haben können. Die dafür notwendigen Transferkomponenten bilden eine neue Herausforderung, für die neuronale Netze gut geeignet sind." (Autorenreferat)

Nicht übereinstimmendes Vokabular zwischen Anfrage und Dokumenten stellt ein Hauptproblem im Information Retrieval dar. Das Entry Vocabulary Modul hat sich in den letzten Jahren als Lösung hierfür etabliert. In diesem Beitrag wird ein dynamisches Entry Vocabulary Modul vorgestellt, das für einen Datenbestand mit mehreren inhaltsbezogenen Feldern in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren abhängig von Zwischenergebnissen die Anfrage erweitert. Das entwickelte System wurde anhand eines mehrsprachigen Datenbestands von rund 600.000 Fachtexten evaluiert und führte zu positiven Ergebnissen.

Eating disorders are a major health issue in societies today which oftentimes remain untreated. In social media, such as Tumblr, people build communities to exchange information and connect to each other using specific hashtags. Some of these trends which emerge around these hashtags, are related to eating disorders. This study in information science addresses how inspiration for fitness (Fitspiration) inspired by music fandom (in particular K-pop) can be characterized on Tumblr by automatically analyzing text and images of posts. Images are evaluated based on their colorfulness and emotional measures, texts undergo a sentiment and readability analysis, as well as an evaluation of their psycho-linguistic features. Furthermore, a qualitative content analysis of K-pop Fitspiration posts (n=119) is performed and they are compared to the K-pop Thinspiration posts, regular Thinspiration and control group posts. Results reveal, that K-pop Fitspiration posts are oftentimes more similar to posts from the control group than to Thinspiration posts, but that they also share psycho-linguistic features with posts of eating disordered users.

Durante i periodi di crisi, la tipologia di informazione di cui le persone hanno bisogno e che esse richiedono differisce a causa del contesto e della situazione personale in continua evoluzione. Il Covid-19 rappresenta una crisi mondiale, una pandemia. Già dopo i primi casi di Covid-19 si è sentita la necessità di maggiori informazioni. Le persone di tutto il mondo stanno vivendo un momento nuovo e difficile, caratterizzato da ansia, insicurezza e sofferenza. La totalità dei media e dei canali sta fornendo informazioni sulla situazione, sui comportamenti da seguire, nonché consigli sulla salute e sugli interessi delle persone. Questa quantità di informazioni possibili può provocare un sovraccarico informativo che in cambio determina un effetto in termini di rifiuto delle informazioni. Tuttavia, anche le fake news e le teorie complottiste ottengono sempre più attenzione. È necessario capire in che modo le persone nelle diverse parti del mondo cercano e valutano le informazioni.Questo studio propone un primo confronto tra la percezione e il comportamento degli individui di diversi paesi nel periodo di diffusione del Covid-19. Tutti i paesi condividono alcuni aspetti durante la crisi sanitaria globale, ma ci sono anche grandi differenze: «[…] each country has its unique political and social systems that affect information behavior and environments». Pertanto, nell'ambito del presente studio che segue quello di Dreisiebner, März e Mandl, attraverso un questionario online, è stato chiesto a persone della Germania e del Sud America di dare una risposta in merito alla loro fiducia nella trasmissione delle informazioni, al comportamento di ricerca delle informazioni, all'utilizzo dei media e alla gestione delle fake news durante la pandemia da Covid-19. Oltre alle differenze tra i paesi, vengono studiati i cambiamenti comportamentali degli individui. ; During crises, the kind of information, people need and require differ due to a changing environment and personal situation. Covid-19 represents a worldwide crisis, a pandemic. Already after the first Covid-19 cases occurred, more information was required. People all over the world are experiencing a new and difficult time which is formed by anxiety, insecurity, and passion. All media and channels are providing information about the situation, regulation, health advice, and personal interests. This amount of possible information can lead to information overload which in return has an effect towards information avoidance. However, also fake news and conspiracy theories get more and more attention. It is necessary to understand how people seek and evaluate information in different parts of the world.This study provides a first comparison of individuals' perception and behavior due to Covid-19 from different countries. All countries share aspects during this global health crisis, but there are also big differences: «[…] each country has its unique political and social systems that affect information behavior and environments». Therefore, as a follow up study to Dreisiebner, März, and Mandl, individuals from Germany and South America were asked through an online survey about their information provision confidence, information seeking behavior, media usage and handling of fake news during Covid-19. Furthermore, besides differences between the countries, behavioral changes are investigated.

Um die Perspektiven verschiedener Akteursgruppen auf das Thema Informationskompetenz und Informationskompetenzvermittlung zu ermitteln, wurde im Juni 2019, im Rahmen des Projekts "Informationskompetenz und Demokratie (IDE): Bürger, Suchverfahren und Analyse-Algorithmen in der politischen Meinungsbildung", ein Aufruf zur Einreichung eines Positionspapiers gestartet. Insgesamt 21 Autoren und Autorinnen sind dem Aufruf gefolgt. Beantwortet wurden die Fragen: "Was ist Informationskompetenz?", "Wie soll man Informationskompetenz vermitteln?", "Welches sind die zentralen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Informationskompetenz und Informationskompetenzvermittlung?" Die Positionspapiere liefern einen umfassenden Überblick und vielfältige Perspektiven zur Informationskompetenz bspw. aus Sicht der Politikwissenschaft, der Erziehungswissenschaft, der Lehrerausbildung sowie der Informations- und Bibliothekswissenschaft. Es gilt das Thema der Informationskompetenz in der Fachwelt und der Öffentlichkeit als kritische Fragestellung des 21. Jahrhunderts zu positionieren.

The paper proposes three different kinds of science models as value-added services that are integrated in the retrieval process to enhance retrieval quality. The paper discusses the approaches Search Term Recommendation, Bradfordizing and Author Centrality on a general level and addresses implementation issues of the models within a real-life retrieval environment.

"Nowadays, users of information services are faced with highly decentralised, heterogeneous document sources with different content analysis. Semantic heterogeneity occurs e.g. when resources using different systems for content description are searched using a single query system. This report describes several approaches of handling semantic heterogeneity used in projects of the German Social Science Information Centre." (author's abstract)